Pain is complicated!
The more research is done and the more we dig into the mine field of what drives pain the more is discovered about how complicated it is.

The Bone and Joint Journal recently published and article discussing the latest guidelines proposed by NIHC. The abstract read like this:

“The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has issued guidelines that state fusion for non-specific low back pain should only be performed as part of a randomised controlled trial, and that lumbar disc replacement should not be performed. Thus, spinal fusion and disc replacement will no longer be routine forms of treatment for patients with low back pain.”

The full article can be found HERE